Getting Closer To Mega Project Problem

Awareness Related To Effects of Green House Gases in our Environment.

“The gases which contribute the green house effect by absorbing IR (infrared radiations)”. These gases include Carbon dioxide, Chlorofluorocarbons, Nitrous oxide, Methane gas etc.

SOURCES OF PRODUCTION OF THESE GASES:-

1. Transportation:-

(28.2% of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions)The transportation sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel for our cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes. Over 90 percent of the fuel used for transportation is petroleum based, which includes primarily gasoline and diesel.

3. Electricity :-

(26.9%of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions)Electricity production generates the second largest share of greenhouse gas emissions. Approximately 63% of our electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and natural gas.

4. Industry:-

(22.0% of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions) — Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce goods from raw materials.

5. Commercial and Residential:-

(12.3% of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions) Greenhouse gas emissions from businesses and homes arise primarily from fossil fuels burned for heat, the use of certain products that contain greenhouse gases, and the handling of waste.

6. Agriculture:-

(9.9% of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions) — Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture come from livestock such as cows, agricultural soils, and rice production.

7. Land use and Forestry:

(11.6% of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions) Land areas can act as a sink (absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere) or a source of greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, since 1990, managed forests and other lands are a net sink, i.e. they have absorbed more CO2 from the atmosphere than they emit.

Effects of Greenhouse Gases

Floods:-

Pakistan’s economy has been crippled heavily by devastating and repetitive floods during the last decade. In the past 10 years, Pakistan has been hit by floods almost every year. However, the floods of 2010 and 2011 have emerged as the biggest catastrophes in the country’s history.

Drought:-

A Drought is a period of abnormally dry weather due to the lack of rainfall. The chief characteristic of a drought is a decrease of water availability in a particular period and over a particular area. Pakistan‟s economy has been punched heavily by the continuous spell of droughts for the last many years, particularly in the provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh. The drought in these areas has reduced the river flows, resulting in drying up of the irrigation canals, leading to a severe agricultural deprivation. It has also been responsible for causing immense losses to poultry and other animals, causing a general deficiency of food and water for people. The increased temperatures because of the increased GHGs as well as a mismanagement of the water reservoirs need to be blamed for the condition.

Increasing Frequency of Cyclones:-

Tropical cyclones are also a dreaded characteristic of the climate in various parts of Pakistan. As a result of global warming, the frequency of Cyclones has increased over the Arabian Sea during the last 50 years. Moreover, the intensity of these cyclones has also increased during the last quarter of the 20th century. Strong tropical activity in the Arabian sea in 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2011 shows an increasing trend towards more cyclones, indicating that there are bright chances that future cyclones can directly strike mega metropolis cities like Karachi and kill thousands of people and may change the way these cities used to live.

Maximums of Temperature (Heat waves):-

As an ill effect of global warming, the annual mean surface temperatures in Pakistan have been steadily increasing during the past century. A rise in mean temperature of 0.6–1°C in the coastal areas along with a 0.5 to 0.7% increase in solar radiation over southern half of country has been observed. In central Pakistan, a 3–5% decrease in cloud cover with increasing hours of sunshine have also been responsible for increasing the temperature.

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